Suffix in Nepali Grammar - प्रत्यय

Suffix in Nepali Grammar - प्रत्यय

प्रत्यय - Suffix

Understanding Word-Forming Elements added to the End

परिभाषा (Definition)

नेपाली: शब्द वा धातुको पछाडि जोडिएर नयाँ शब्द बनाउने शब्दांशलाई प्रत्यय भनिन्छ। प्रत्यय जोडिएपछि शब्दको अर्थमा मात्र होइन, कहिलेकाहीँ त्यसको पदवर्ग (Part of Speech) मा पनि परिवर्तन आउँछ।
English: A Suffix (Pratyaya) is a syllable or group of letters added to the end of a root word or verb stem to create a new word or change its grammatical form.

१. कृत प्रत्यय (Verbal Suffixes)

परिभाषा: क्रियाको धातु (Verb root) को पछाडि जोडिने प्रत्ययलाई कृत प्रत्यय भनिन्छ। यसले क्रियाबाट नाम वा विशेषण बनाउँछ।
Definition: Suffixes added to the root of a verb. They often turn a verb into a noun or an adjective.

उदाहरणहरू (Examples):

  • पढ् (Read) + अन्ते = पढन्ते (Studious / One who reads) - धेरै पढ्ने व्यक्ति।
  • लड् (Fight) + आकु = लडाकु (Fighter / Warrior) - धेरै लड्ने व्यक्ति।

२. तद्धित प्रत्यय (Nominal Suffixes)

परिभाषा: नाम, सर्वनाम वा विशेषणको पछाडि जोडिने प्रत्ययलाई तद्धित प्रत्यय भनिन्छ। यसले भाववाचक नाम वा नयाँ विशेषण बनाउँछ।
Definition: Suffixes added to nouns, pronouns, or adjectives to create abstract nouns or new descriptive words.

उदाहरणहरू (Examples):

  • मिठो (Sweet) + पन = मिठोपन (Sweetness) - स्वादको भाव बुझाउने।
  • सुन्दर (Beautiful) + ता = सुन्दरता (Beauty) - रूपको गुण बुझाउने।

Note: Essential Concept Comparison

In English, suffixes like "-ness" (Happy -> Happiness), "-ity" (Pure -> Purity), and "-er" (Teach -> Teacher) function exactly like Nepali Pratyayas.

Major Similarity: Both in English and Nepali, suffixes change the category of the word. For example, "Beautiful" (Adjective) becomes "Beauty" (Noun).
Major Difference: In Nepali, suffixes are also used for conjugating verbs to show gender and respect (e.g., Jan-chu vs Jan-chin), which English does not do.

By mastering suffixes, you can derive hundreds of words from just a few root words.
नयाँ शब्दहरू बनाउने प्रयास गर्नुहोस्! (Try creating new words!)